HIV AIDS
HIV/AIDS is a viral infection caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 cells (T cells), which are crucial in fighting infections. As the virus destroys these cells, the immune system becomes weaker, making the body more susceptible to various infections and certain cancers.
HIV is transmitted through contact with certain body fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk, from an infected person. The most common modes of transmission include unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles or syringes, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.
Early HIV infection may cause flu-like symptoms, such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, rash, and muscle and joint pain.
As the disease progresses to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), the immune system is severely damaged, leading to opportunistic infections (infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in individuals with weakened immune systems) and certain cancers.
Diagnosis of HIV involves blood tests that detect antibodies to the virus or the virus itself. Early diagnosis is crucial for starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) promptly. ART is a combination of medications that suppress the HIV virus and prevent its progression, allowing people with HIV to live longer and healthier lives.
Preventing HIV/AIDS involves practicing safe sex (using condoms consistently and correctly), avoiding sharing needles or syringes, and using precautions to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is available for individuals at high risk of HIV to reduce their chances of infection.
Living with HIV/AIDS requires ongoing medical care, adherence to ART, and regular monitoring of CD4 cell counts and viral load. Supportive care, including mental health support and management of opportunistic infections, is also essential for overall health and well-being.
Understanding HIV/AIDS, its transmission, prevention, and management empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their health and take steps to protect themselves and others from infection. Regular testing, early treatment, and adherence to medical advice are critical for managing HIV/AIDS effectively.
